In the second volume of “Democracy in America,” Alexis de Tocqueville discerns a radical danger on democracy’s horizon. “Pantheism” is Tocqueville’s name for the condition in which democracy becomes its own God. At the end of the democratic dispensation, the mind becomes obsessed with unity; all true diversity, all heterogeneity and rank order, which necessarily appeal to some reality beyond the self-enclosed humanistic system, an...
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